ABSTRACT
Vaccination is the most effective method to prevent dangerous infectious diseases and save lives. The expansion of human communication, the rapid spread of emerging infections worldwide, and the creation of dangerous pandemics like COVID-19 is worrying. On the other hand, with the emergence of new technologies such as genetic engineering of microorganisms, genome editing, and synthetic biology, the possibility of abusing these tools for illegal use is the next concern. In this situation, the need for rapid vaccination technologies and programs was given special importance. Recently, new vaccine platforms such as viral vector and mRNA vaccines have shown great promise that they can be used to prepare and protect human lives against dangerous infections. One of the most important factors for vaccination is the rapid development and approval of vaccines. In this review, we have given a perspective view of new vaccine technologies to rapidly develop vaccine s to combat emerging infections and the biodefence against biological criminals. © 2023 The Author(s).
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Patients' perspectives as a reliable source can be considered for the evaluation of health services. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction of patients with COVID-19 from the services provided in Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran in 2020.
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged as a health problem worldwide. It seems that COVID-19 is more lethal for Iranian veterans with a history of exposure to mustard gas. There are some similarities in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and mustard gas in immune system disruption and pulmonary infection. SARS-CoV-2 and mustard gas inducing oxidative stress, immune system dysregulation, cytokine storm, and overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor in lungs that act as functional entry receptors for SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, Iranian survivors of mustard gas exposure are more susceptible and vulnerable to COVID-19. It is suggested that the principles of COVID-19 infection prevention and control be adhered to more stringently in Iranian survivors of mustard gas exposure than others who have not been exposed to mustard gas. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the different pathologic aspects of lung injury caused by mustard gas and also the relationship between this damage and the increased susceptibility of Iranian mustard gas exposed survivors to COVID-19.